Emergent insights into the relationships between animals and the bacteria, fungi, and viruses that live inside their gut have revealed that these so-called gut microbiomes are a cradle of symbiotic interactions that are critically important to animal ecology and health, including in humans.

To what extent can the Extremely Large Telescope’s enormous leap in sensitivity and spatial resolution realize an accuracy leap in orbital parameters and physical compositions of critical Near-Earth Objects (NEOs)?

The transition of unicellular to multicellular life occurred along with the first presence of oxygen in the environment, leading to the evolution of aerobic metabolism and multicellularity. How this exactly happened is still unknown.